THE BRAZILIAN PRISON SYSTEM AND THE REHABILITATION OF INMATES: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

The Brazilian prison system faces structural challenges that compromise the effectiveness of rehabilitating incarcerated individuals, particularly due to overcrowding, substandard prison facilities, insufficient educational and vocational programs, and difficulties regarding social reintegration. This study aimed to analyze the main challenges and prospects for rehabilitation in Brazil. Methodologically, this is a descriptive, qualitative literature review based on the analysis of legal doctrine, scientific articles published between 2020 and 2026, and case law. The results demonstrate that inadequate incarceration conditions, limited access to education and employment, and the lack of effective support for released individuals hinder the achievement of the rehabilitative goals of the penal system. The study also identified the importance of structural measures, such as the implementation of integrated public policies, the expansion of vocational training opportunities, the strengthening of psychosocial support, and the monitoring of prison conditions. It is concluded that the effectiveness of rehabilitation depends on coordinated action by the State and society—through the guarantee of fundamental rights and the promotion of concrete opportunities for social reintegration—thereby contributing to the reduction of factors associated with criminal recidivism and the strengthening of public security.