DETERMINANTS OF DISABILITY DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Abstract

The development of disabilities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is influenced by several factors known as determinants. These determinants involve genetic, environmental, immunological, clinical and therapeutic factors, which interact in a complex way throughout the course of the disease. Genetic factors play an important role in MS susceptibility and may influence response to treatment. In addition, environmental factors such as viral infections, exposure to stress and vitamin D deficiencies can also contribute to the development of the disease and exacerbate neurological deficiencies. Inflammatory activity and frequency of relapses have a direct impact on the course of impairments in patients with MS. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are critical to controlling inflammation, reducing the occurrence of flare-ups, and preserving neurological function, preventing impairments from worsening over time. A patient's type of MS and the appropriate choice of treatment are also crucial determinants in the evolution of disabilities. Specific therapies may be more effective in certain subtypes of MS, influencing disease progression differently. Interactions between these determinants highlight the need for an individualized approach to treating MS. Each patient must be comprehensively evaluated, taking into account genetic, environmental and clinical factors, in order to plan an adequate and personalized therapeutic strategy. In conclusion, understanding the determinants of the development of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis is essential to improve the quality of life and functionality of these individuals. Ongoing research in this area is critical to improving therapeutic strategies and offering better care to patients affected by this complex neurological disease.