NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR MODULATING THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN ADULTS WITH DYSBIOSIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining human health. The imbalance of this ecosystem, known as dysbiosis, is associated with metabolic, inflammatory, and neurological diseases. This study aimed to analyze the main nutritional intervention strategies in the modulation of the gut microbiota in adults with dysbiosis. This is a literature review conducted using the LILACS, SciELO, and PubMed databases, including articles published between 2018 and 2026, in Portuguese and English. The results show that diet plays an important role in the functioning of the gut microbiota. Diets rich in fiber, polyphenols, and plant-based foods are associated with increased microbial diversity and a higher abundance of beneficial bacteria. In contrast, the consumption of foods high in fats, sugars, and ultra-processed products contributes to microbiota imbalance. Nutritional strategies such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and fermented foods contribute to improvements in metabolic, inflammatory, and glycemic parameters. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiota through personalized nutrition represents a promising approach for the prevention and management of dysbiosis in adults. However, long-term clinical studies are still needed to consolidate these approaches and expand their application in clinical practice.