Barriers to early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in socially vulnerable contexts in Brazil: a narrative review

Abstract

This project aims to analyze, through a literature review, the barriers faced by socially vulnerable families in accessing a timely diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Brazil. Social vulnerability hinders access to early ASD diagnosis. This is a qualitative, descriptive study conducted via a narrative literature review. Databases such as PsycINFO, SciELO, and Google Scholar were consulted, applying inclusion criteria that prioritized national studies published within the last ten years. Analysis was performed using a thematic content approach, enabling the identification of patterns, barriers, and impacts associated with delayed ASD diagnosis in contexts of socioeconomic vulnerability. The literature indicates that social inequality compromises timely detection, leading to delays in initiating therapeutic interventions and limiting access to appropriate support during critical periods of child development. Furthermore, a lack of professional training, limited access to specialists, and a lack of family awareness exacerbate this situation. The expected results underscore the need for public policies that promote equitable access to diagnosis and early interventions, aiming to reduce structural inequalities. It is concluded that understanding these barriers is essential for expanding support strategies, strengthening the child care network, and fostering the development and social inclusion of children with ASD in Brazil.