ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS WITH DISEASE MODIFIERS: AN ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM STUDIES

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease characterized by demyelination of the central nervous system and progressive functional disability. The introduction of disease-modifying antidepressants (DMTAs) has transformed the treatment of MS, offering new options for disease management. This integrative review aims to analyze advances in the treatment of MS with DMTAs based on long-term studies addressing efficacy, safety and impact on disease progression. Twenty-five studies were included that presented follow-up data of 5 to 12 years on various therapies, including beta interferons, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, fingolimod and new emerging options. The results revealed that DMTAs demonstrated a significant reduction in the frequency of relapses and brain lesion burden, as well as a positive impact on disability progression. Although most treatments showed acceptable safety profiles, the incidence of significant adverse effects requires continuous monitoring. The analysis highlights the importance of personalizing treatment and the need for continued integration of new evidence to optimize MS management and improve long-term clinical outcomes.