OBSTETRIC AND NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES AND OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY IN PREGNANT WOMEN TREATED AT A STATE SPECIALTY CENTER

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the profile of pregnant women with diabetes and/or overweight/obesity, as well as their maternal and neonatal outcomes, attended at a State Specialized Care Center (CEAE), which serves 10 municipalities in a health microregion, from 2015 to 2021. Methods: This study adopted a descriptive approach to examine the profile of pregnant women and the outcomes associated with diabetes mellitus and/or overweight/obesity. The analysis focused on the characterization of the clinical and epidemiological conditions of the pregnant women and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Data were extracted from medical records and clinical files from a State Specialized Care Center, including sociodemographic information and subsequent telephone contact for analysis of perinatal and maternal outcomes. Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of cesarean sections (87.5%) among pregnant women. Preeclampsia affected 35.3% of the sample, with similar incidences between groups. Venous thromboembolism occurred in 4.2% of the total sample. Maternal hemorrhage during pregnancy was observed in 7.6% of the sample, with 27.3% of these in women with type I or II DM. Prematurity was observed in 18.5% of the babies, with a higher incidence in women with type I or II DM (45.5%). Fetal macrosomia occurred in 6.1% of the babies of women with gestational diabetes. Neonatal complications included respiratory distress syndrome (19.5%) and congenital malformations (6.7%). Neonatal ICU admission was required for 18.5% of the babies, with a higher proportion in women with type I or II DM (36.4%). Fetal death was observed in 4% of the pregnant women studied. Among the pregnant women analyzed, 59.1% (n=71) received care from an interdisciplinary team composed of at least five health professionals. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups at a 5% level of significance. Conclusion: Cesarean sections, preeclampsia, maternal hemorrhage, prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, and the need for neonatal ICU were prominently observed in the investigated sample. Moreover, gestational hemorrhage, macrosomia, respiratory distress syndrome, and congenital malformations were more prevalent in babies of women with pregestational diabetes, although no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. The findings regarding the profile of these pregnant women may guide health services in planning targeted strategies to improve care quality and reduce infant morbidity and mortality.