EARLY AND LATE NEONATAL MORTALITY IN MANAUS: A TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF DEATHS DUE TO PERINATAL CONDITIONS AND CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS, 2015-2024

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze the temporal trends in total, early, and late neonatal mortality, as well as the specific rates related to Chapters XVI and XVII of the ICD-10 in Manaus between 2015 and 2024. This is an ecological epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, conducted using aggregated data from the Infant and Neonatal Mortality Panel of the Amazonas Health Surveillance Foundation—Dr. Rosemary Costa Pinto. Rates per 1,000 live births, frequencies, proportions, and annual percentage changes were calculated using the Prais-Winsten regression. Between 2015 and 2024, 370,414 live births and 3,242 neonatal deaths were recorded, with a cumulative rate of 8.75 per 1,000 live births. The early component accounted for 75.7% of deaths and showed an increasing trend of 1.61% per year (95% CI: 0.09–3.16; p=0.041). Total neonatal mortality and the late component remained stable. Conditions originating in the perinatal period accounted for 74.4% of deaths, while congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities accounted for 23.6%; both groups showed stable trends. Finally, the stability of the overall rate masked the increase in the early component, highlighting the first week of life as the period of greatest vulnerability and reinforcing the need to improve prenatal, delivery, and newborn care in Manaus.