LEPROSY: KEY ASPECTS OF THE DISEASE

Abstract

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus *Mycobacterium leprae*, which primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, leading to a range of severe complications if not treated properly. Despite a significant global reduction in prevalence due to mass treatment campaigns and the use of multidrug therapy (MDT), which combines rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine, leprosy continues to be a major health issue in various endemic regions, especially in developing countries. Early diagnosis of the disease is often hindered by the variability of clinical symptoms and the limited availability of diagnostic methods in resource-poor areas. Additionally, the stigma associated with leprosy and the lack of adequate access to healthcare contribute to the persistence of the disease in some communities, negatively impacting patients' quality of life and the effectiveness of control strategies. Although advances in treatment and diagnosis have been significant, ongoing efforts are needed to address remaining challenges, including the promotion of awareness campaigns, health education, and investments in infrastructure to improve control and promote the global eradication of leprosy.