TEMPORAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN BRAZIL (2019-2024)

Abstract

Congenital toxoplasmosis remains a significant public health problem in Brazil due to its potential to cause neonatal complications and impacts on child development. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend and demographic profile of congenital toxoplasmosis cases in Brazil from 2019 to 2024. This is an epidemiological, ecological, descriptive, and retrospective study with a quantitative approach, using secondary data obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). Confirmed cases were included in the analyzed period, and variables such as year of notification, geographic region, and case evolution were evaluated. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures, calculation of the annual percentage change (APV), normality tests, and inferential analyses with a significance level of 5%. The results showed a significant increase in the absolute number of cases throughout the historical series, particularly in the Northeast region, which presented the greatest growth. Despite this, trend analysis indicated a stationary pattern, without statistical significance (p>0.05). A proportional reduction in confirmed cases and an increase in discarded cases were observed, suggesting expanded screening and greater diagnostic rigor. Regarding outcomes, there was an increase in cases of cure, remaining the main trend, while deaths remained at a lower magnitude. However, a concomitant increase in ignored/blank records was observed, indicating limitations in data quality. It is concluded that, although there is an increase in notifications of congenital toxoplasmosis in Brazil, the trend remains statistically stable. The findings reinforce the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, improve the quality of records, and expand early diagnosis, aiming to improve disease control and reduce its impacts on public health.