HOW GENETIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by qualitative and quantitative changes in communication, social interaction, and behavior. Despite substantial advancements in understanding ASD, early investigation and genetic testing for affected individuals remain limited. This study aims to explore the influence of genetics on the understanding of ASD. The methodology employed consisted of a narrative literature review, encompassing relevant research from the past twenty years. Diagnostic criteria, signs, and neurobiological markers associated with ASD were discussed, along with genetic and environmental implications. The review highlighted the main factors impacting the development of ASD and the lack of genetic testing for early detection, while also addressing key advances in genetics, including hereditary, Mendelian, polygenic, and environmental factors. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of ongoing rese arch to promote early diagnosis, genetic testing, and consideration of environmental influences.