LAPAROTOMY VS LAPAROSCOPY IN CHOLECYSTECTOMY: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE AVERAGE HOSPITAL STAY FROM 2008 TO 2019 IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO

Abstract

 Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis are the main causes that lead to cholecystectomy. Cholelithiasis is due to the presence of gallstones inside the gallbladder, which can lead to obstruction of the flow of bile and generate an inflammatory process known as cholecystitis. The symptoms of that are abdominal pain in the region of the right hypochondrium and / or epigastrium, which can radiate to the scapula, associated with nausea and vomiting, lasting from 30 minutes to 6 hours; whereas they may progress to more than six hours of pain, a fever of more than 38.5 ° C, with a positive Murphy sign on abdominal palpation and a situation of greater severity of cholecystitis. This study aims to analyze the average length of stay of patients undergoing cholecystectomy by the Unified Health System (SUS), comparing the laparoscopic technique with the laparotomy in order to analyze which is the best for patients. A descriptive epidemiological research was carried out and, for this purpose, the SUS hospitalization information system was used. Thus, it was possible to verify that the average number of days of hospitalization of patients undergoing cholecystectomy was 4.7 days and in laparoscopy, it was 4 days. In 1882, the first open cholecystectomy was performed by Carl Langenbuch and in 1985, Erich Mühe performed the first laparoscopic surgery, enabling a procedure that triggers a lower metabolic endocrine response to trauma. Laparoscopic surgery tends to be beneficial compared to laparotomy, however, laparotomy should not be enchanted.