THE ATTACHMENT IN CHILDREN WHO SPEND EARLY CHILDHOOD IN DAY CARE

Abstract

When studying child development, the mother-infant symbiotic relationship and the construction of Attachment that takes place in this period, there was an interest in revisiting theories related to the theme to understand how this attachment is maintained in a circumstance in which the child is cared for by several people. The project aimed to investigate, based on John Bowlby's theory, whether, during early childhood, children in daycare centers can present difficulties in the construction of affective bonds. The methodology used is based on bibliographic research on the theoretical knowledge of Attachment Theory and the facilitating and hindering agents of healthy attachment. It was also analyzed the daycare environment, the understanding of how attachment is constituted in the infant and how the social differences that affect daycare centers can have an influence on the relationship between caregivers and these children. The results showed that from the moment the child finds himself distant from his original and primary caregiver, he enters periods of crying and resistance, among other aspects that contribute to an insecure attachment. As a consequence, there is the anxiety to know new things and people, the avoidance and anguish towards the outside environment, the difficulty in exploring new situations, and many other difficulties with the external and even internal world, since the solid base of exploration and support was absent for much of its development cycle. Contact, attention, protection, affection and, above all, love are necessary so that the relationship becomes something healthy and functional, as children are left in daycare centers from an early age, arriving back in the natural and familiar environment without these basic needs that parents have to provide, they will have serious difficulties in the future with the external environment. So, it is concluded that children who are deprived of basic parental care will certainly have some sequelae. In view of this, it was possible to conclude that the primary relationships built in childhood affect the individual's pattern of attachment throughout his life, and that the breaking of these attachment bonds, whether in childhood, adolescence or adulthood, leads to changes in the ways of relating.