PROTOCOLS FOR DENTAL CARE ADAPTED FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and sensory hypersensitivity, which poses significant challenges to pediatric dental care. The DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) classifies ASD into three severity levels based on the support required, which demands differentiated dental protocols for each clinical profile. This study consists of a narrative review of the scientific literature aiming to analyze the main dental care protocols adapted for children with ASD, systematizing evidence to support a more inclusive, safe, and humanized clinical practice. Eighteen articles published between 1943 and 2024, indexed in the PubMed and SciELO databases in English and Portuguese, were analyzed. The timeframe beginning in 1943 is historically justified to trace the evolution of behavioral management since the initial clinical conceptualization of the disorder. The results demonstrated that children with ASD exhibit greater vulnerability to dental caries, bruxism, dental trauma, and periodontal diseases. The main strategies identified include the Tell-Show-Do technique, positive reinforcement (ABA), gradual desensitization, sensory-adapted dental environments (SADE), conscious sedation with nitrous oxide and midazolam, and general anesthesia for more complex cases. It is concluded that the adoption of structured and individualized protocols by ASD level, combined with family involvement and continuous professional training, is essential for promoting oral health and quality of life for children with ASD.