PREVENTIVE TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT (PTT): THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN ADHERENCE IN THE BRAZILIAN UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM (2021-2026)

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem worldwide, influenced by social determinants and the persistence of latent infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this context, Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) has been considered a crucial strategy to interrupt disease transmission. Objective: To investigate the progress and barriers to adherence to TPT within the Sistema Único de Saúde between 2021 and 2026. Methodology: This is a qualitative study with a descriptive and exploratory approach, conducted through an integrative literature review combined with participant observation in the Epidemiological Surveillance sector of Nova Iguaçu. Searches were carried out in scientific databases using descriptors related to latent tuberculosis, preventive treatment, rifapentine, and treatment adherence. Studies published within the established time frame were included. The findings indicate that the 3HP regimen and Fixed-Dose Combination simplified treatment and increased adherence rates, while the introduction of IGRA tests improved diagnostic accuracy. However, issues such as social vulnerability and access remain significant challenges. Conclusion: It is concluded that TPT will only be effective through the alignment of technological advances with coordinated actions involving epidemiological surveillance, pharmaceutical care, and patient-centered strategies.