INTRAUTERINE EXPOSURE TO SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND ITS EFFECTS ON NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Abstract

Introduction: Maternal depression during pregnancy is a significant public health concern that may affect child development. Treatment often involves selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), whose effects on neurodevelopment remain controversial. Objective: To analyze the effects of intrauterine exposure to SSRIs on neuropsychological and behavioral development in early childhood. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. The research question was structured based on the PICO strategy. Studies including children up to six years of age exposed to SSRIs in utero, compared to non-exposed children, were included. After applying eligibility criteria, 15 studies were included. Results: No consistent association was found between intrauterine exposure to SSRIs and significant cognitive impairment. Behavioral outcomes were heterogeneous. Transient alterations were reported in the neonatal period, with no persistence throughout development. An association with prematurity and lower gestational age was observed, without a consistent increase in major congenital malformations. Conclusion: Intrauterine exposure to SSRIs does not show a consistent association with neuropsychological impairment in childhood. Outcomes appear to be largely influenced by maternal depression, and therapeutic decisions should be individualized.