THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO MOLAR INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF RECENT LITERATURE

Abstract

Introduction: Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect affecting permanent first molars and incisors, characterized by demarcated opacities and high porosity. Its relevance in pediatric dentistry is due to dental hypersensitivity, pain, and rapid progression to post-eruptive fractures and caries. Objective: To analyze scientific literature on MIH, focusing on its etiology, prevalence, and contemporary therapeutic strategies. Methodology: Descriptive literature review searching scientific databases (2021–2024) using descriptors such as "Molar Incisor Hypomineralization", "pediatric dentistry", and "treatment". Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines were selected. Results: The global prevalence of MIH is high, severely impacting children's quality of life. The etiology remains multifactorial, associated with systemic insults during the enamel formation period. Clinical management lacks universal standardization, ranging from the use of desensitizing agents and sealants to complex restorations, depending on severity. Discussion: Hypersensitivity hinders behavioral management, while porosity compromises restorative adhesion. Although desensitization protocols and sealants show positive results, the literature still exhibits methodological weaknesses preventing the consolidation of single guidelines. Final Considerations: MIH requires early diagnosis and an individualized approach. It is concluded that clinical success depends on a combination of preventive and restorative interventions adapted to the case's gravity, making new longitudinal studies essential to standardize therapeutic procedures.