EVALUATION OF THE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF CBCT, MRI, AND PET IN MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS

Abstract

Introduction: Diagnosing maxillofacial pathologies requires accurate imaging methods due to the region's anatomical complexity. CBCT, MRI, and PET offer distinct perspectives (bone, tissue, and metabolic), but correlation with the histopathological gold standard is crucial to validate their accuracy. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT, MRI, and PET in maxillofacial pathologies, comparing their effectiveness with histopathological findings. Methodology: Systematic literature review across PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases (2021–2026). Fifteen articles analyzing the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of these modalities in bone and soft tissue lesions were selected. Results: CBCT demonstrated high resolution for bone alterations and TMJ disorders. MRI showed strong histopathological correlation in tongue carcinomas and glandular lesions, despite a tendency to overestimate tumor invasion. PET/CT showed higher functional sensitivity for detecting lymph node metastases and recurrences. Discussion: There is no single ideal method; CBCT is limited in soft tissues, while PET may present false positives. Multimodal integration (PET/MRI) and the use of Artificial Intelligence emerge as trends to enhance diagnostic confidence. Final Considerations: The techniques are complementary. Selection must be individualized, prioritizing a multimodal approach for oncological and complex cases. Histopathological examination remains indispensable for definitive confirmation.