ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: CHALLENGES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRACTICE

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global challenge that compromises the effectiveness of infectious disease treatments and increases clinical and economic risks. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacist’s role in promoting rational antibiotic use, particularly in hospital and primary care settings. Through an integrative literature review, studies addressing pharmaceutical interventions, patient education, and participation in antimicrobial stewardship programs were analyzed. Findings indicate that pharmacist interventions, including prescription audits, patient counseling, and therapy monitoring, improve adherence to clinical guidelines, reduce inappropriate antibiotic use, and enhance hospital outcomes, such as shorter therapy duration and reduced mortality. Nonetheless, structural, diagnostic, and educational challenges still hinder the effective implementation of these strategies, especially in primary care. The study concludes that pharmacists play a strategic role in combating AMR, being essential to promote rational antimicrobial use, strengthen patient safety, and limit the spread of resistant microorganisms.