NEURODIVERSITY AND WELL-BEING: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ASD, COMORBIDITIES, AND QUALITY OF LIFE

Abstract

This article explores how the interaction between symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), such as social difficulties and restricted interests, and comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, shapes quality of life (QoL) at different stages of life. In childhood, social barriers impact school inclusion, while in adolescence, the search for autonomy faces emotional challenges. In adulthood and aging, persistent difficulties and chronic conditions affect relationships and community participation. QoL is influenced by protective factors such as resilience, social support, and self-acceptance, enhanced by neurodiversity and self-advocacy, especially in underrepresented groups (women, ethnic minorities). Emerging technologies, such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence, offer personalized solutions to manage symptoms and comorbidities, promoting well-being. The bioecological model highlights the interaction between micro (family), meso (school), and macro (public policies) systems in modulating QoL. Autistic narratives, captured by qualitative methods, reinforce the need to listen to autistic voices to develop person-centered approaches. The final considerations propose inclusive policies and more research on understudied populations, such as the elderly and minorities, aiming at a QoL that values individual strengths.