EFFECTS OF CPAP USE ON CARDIOVASCULAR AND OVERALL HEALTH OF PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition that increases the risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. The standard treatment, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), has demonstrated significant benefits across various clinical outcomes. This review (2015–2025) compiled meta-analyses, clinical trials, and observational studies in adults and the elderly. Evidence indicates that CPAP significantly reduces all-cause mortality (37%) and cardiovascular mortality (55%), particularly in patients with higher treatment adherence. Regarding cardiovascular function, a modest reduction in blood pressure was observed in hypertensive patients, along with improved ventricular ejection fraction and oxygen saturation in cases of heart failure. In the metabolic profile, consistent CPAP use was associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, including reductions in fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and waist circumference. Patients also reported reduced daytime sleepiness and fatigue, contributing to better sleep quality and increased daytime alertness. Studies suggest further modest benefits for cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Additionally, evidence points to a lower recurrence of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, in treated individuals. In the Brazilian context, adherence remains a challenge; however, a significant segportion of patients maintain regular use, underscoring the need for multiprofessional support strategies to maximize the protective effects of CPAP.