OCCLUSAL SPLINTS IN THE TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DYSFUNCTION: TYPES, INDICATIONS AND EFFICACY

Abstract

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a multifactorial condition affecting the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and related structures, often associated with pain and functional limitation. Occlusal splints are widely used as a conservative treatment to promote occlusal balance, reduce pain, and improve mandibular function. Objective: To evaluate, through a literature review, the main types of occlusal splints, their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, and evidence of efficacy in the management of TMD (Temporomandibular Disorders). Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and BVS databases, including articles published between 2018 and 2024. The descriptors “occlusal splint,” “temporomandibular disorders,” and “dentistry” were used, combined with Boolean operators. Articles addressing the use of occlusal splints in TMD patients were included, while orthodontic and surgical studies were excluded. Results: Recent literature highlights stabilizing splints as the most effective in reducing pain and restoring mandibular function. The effectiveness is directly related to the correct selection of the splint type and continuous professional monitoring. Studies also indicate significant improvement when treatment is associated with complementary therapies such as physiotherapy and behavioral management. Conclusion: Occlusal splints represent a safe and effective therapeutic resource in the conservative management of TMD. Their success depends on accurate diagnosis, proper adjustment, and regular follow-up. Rational and individualized use contributes to lasting results and improved quality of life for patients.