PREVENTION OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIA IN THE HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

Introduction: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms represent a serious challenge for health systems due to therapeutic limitations, increased morbidity and mortality, and high hospital costs. The spread of these agents, such as CRE, MRSA, and VRE, is concerning. Strategies such as hand hygiene, appropriate use of PPE, special precautions, and antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential to contain resistance. In this context, this study analyzes the effectiveness of these practices and identifies challenges and facilitators to strengthen institutional protocols and patient safety. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of infection prevention and control practices related to antimicrobial resistance in the hospital environment, focusing on the integrated role of the multidisciplinary team in promoting safer and higher-quality care. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review aimed at gathering, synthesizing, and analyzing scientific evidence on the effectiveness of three prevention and control strategies for infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms in hospital settings. Analysis and discussion of results: The analysis shows that preventing infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria requires integrated actions combining education, surveillance, and standardized care practices. Hand hygiene remains a central measure, but its effectiveness depends on strategies that consider behavior, feedback, and organizational culture. Antimicrobial stewardship programs demonstrate reductions in consumption and improvements in therapeutic appropriateness, even in low-resource institutions. Continuous, multimodal, and monitored interventions show the most durable results. Conclusion: The studies show that preventing infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria requires integrated and continuous strategies tailored to each institution’s reality. Measures such as hand hygiene, special precautions, and antimicrobial stewardship have a direct impact on reducing the spread of these agents. Multimodal approaches involving ongoing education, audits, feedback, and surveillance yield more lasting effects than isolated actions. Building a safety culture supports team engagement and the consolidation of effective practices.