KEY SIGNS OF COMPLICATIONS IN CURRENT FACIAL AESTHETIC FILLER TREATMENTS, AND HOW TO RESOLVE THEM: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

The facial aesthetics landscape has seen a significant surge in the use of dermal fillers, with hyaluronic acid (HA) established as the gold standard in orofacial harmonization due to its high biocompatibility and reversibility by hyaluronidase. This biomaterial is crucial in addressing aging, restoring volume, and stimulating collagen, significantly boosting patients' harmony and self-esteem. However, despite its proven safety, improper use can lead to complications. Complications range from mild, early reactions (edema and erythema) to severe conditions, such as nodule formation or the dreaded vascular occlusion, which can progress to necrosis. The incidence of these risks is directly linked to faulty injection technique, lack of anatomical knowledge, and inadequate understanding of the product’s physicochemical properties. The necessity for urgent safety protocols and effective intervention strategies is therefore paramount. Thus, the present study employed an exploratory, narrative literature review. The main objective was to analyze the key warning signs of complications following facial filler treatments, as well as the preventive strategies and clinical management of these intercurrences, with a focus on hyaluronidase therapy. The conclusion reached is that HA remains a safe and predictable resource, but its proper use demands precise technical mastery and profound anatomical knowledge from the professional, which are the backbone of an ethical and effective practice in facial rejuvenation.