EFFICACY AND ADHERENCE TO LONG-ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS IN ADOLESCENTS

Abstract

Adolescent pregnancy remains a major public health challenge, associated with significant physical, emotional, and social repercussions. In this context, long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), such as the intrauterine device and the subdermal implant, stand out for their high efficacy, safety, and independence from continuous user action—factors that enhance adherence and reduce failures associated with incorrect use.  This literature review aimed to analyze recent evidence on the efficacy and adherence to LARCs among adolescents. A narrative review was conducted, including studies published between 2015 and 2025 in the PubMed and BVS databases, using the descriptors “LARC,” “adolescents,” and “efficacy.” The selected studies addressed failure rates, continuation of use, adverse effect profiles, and user satisfaction.  The findings indicate that LARCs show efficacy rates exceeding 99%, as well as high continuation rates during the first year of use, often greater than those observed with short-term contraceptive methods. Adherence was associated with convenience, low maintenance requirements, and a favorable side-effect profile, although individual factors such as menstrual changes and initial discomfort may still influence continuation.  It is concluded that long-acting reversible contraceptives represent the most effective and safe alternative for adolescents, significantly contributing to the reduction of unplanned pregnancies and the promotion of reproductive autonomy. Their broader implementation as the first-line contraceptive option for this age group is essential to strengthen health policies aimed at preventing early pregnancy.