EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION IN DOGS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY

Abstract

This article sought to discuss cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) wich is a method that temporarily takes over the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems during highly complex surgeries, allowing corrections in the heart to be performed in a safe and controlled manner. In veterinary medicine, its use in dogs is still limited due to high costs, the demand for specialized equipment, and the complexity of the procedure. However, its relevance has increased, especially in cases of valvular diseases, septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, heart transplants, and corrections of congenital anomalies. The present study provides a literature review on the use of CPB in dogs undergoing cardiac surgery, discussing historical, technical, physiological, anesthetic, and clinical aspects, while emphasizing its main applications and complications reported in scientific literature. The review gathers information on cardiac anatomy and physiology applied to the technique, also describing the basic components of the extracorporeal circuit, such as pumps, oxygenators, and heat exchangers, and highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate anesthetic protocols for cardiac patients. Furthermore, it discusses complications frequently associated with the use of CPB, including hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory alterations, as well as disorders affecting the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system, which demonstrates the need for strict monitoring at all stages of the procedure.