THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze the relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and nutritional factors, addressing eating habits, clinical difficulties, and the implications of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of different nutritional and sensory interventions, discussing the importance of early intervention in the management of the disorder. A narrative literature review with a qualitative approach was carried out. The bibliographic search was conducted in national and international databases such as SciELO, PubMed/MEDLINE, and LILACS, including studies published between 2018 and 2025, using descriptors in Portuguese, Spanish, and English related to ASD, nutrition, nutritional interventions, food selectivity, and sensory therapy. The reviewed studies indicate that food selectivity affects between 51% and 89% of children with ASD, with difficulties related to textures, flavors, and other sensory characteristics of food. Furthermore, gastrointestinal disorders are frequently reported and attributed to changes in gut microbiota composition and neurotransmitters metabolism. Nutritional and sensory interventions have shown promising results, especially when implemented early.