FOOD PATTERNS AND PREFERENCES OF CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN TWO PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN NOVA IGUAÇU, RIO DE JANEIRO

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the eating patterns and behaviors of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) enrolled in private schools in Nova Iguaçu, Baixada Fluminense, comparing them with neurotypical children. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and comparative study conducted with 36 children aged 3 to 13 years, 19 diagnosed with ASD and 17 without the disorder. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to parents/guardians, including questions about food selectivity, preferences, and mealtime routines. The analysis revealed that children with ASD showed greater food selectivity (79% vs. 41%; p=0.039) and a preference for ultra-processed foods (74% vs. 35%; p=0.048). Less autonomy during meals (63% vs. 100%; p=0.008) and a higher incidence of total food rejection (32% vs. 0%; p=0.024) were also observed. Furthermore, caregivers of children with ASD demonstrated a higher level of concern about feeding (37% vs. 6%; p=0.015). The results indicate that sensory, motor, and behavioral factors significantly influence the eating behavior of children with ASD, reinforcing the need for multidisciplinary monitoring and individualized nutritional strategies that promote greater variety and balance in the diet.