RADIOLOGY IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Abstract

Radiology has become an indispensable tool in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), playing a fundamental role in early diagnosis, clinical monitoring, and therapeutic decisionmaking in critically ill patients. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of imaging modalities in this setting, with emphasis on portable chest radiography, digital radiology, teleradiology, and complementary exams such as computed tomography (CT) and bedside ultrasonography. An integrative literature review was conducted in national and international databases, covering publications from 1998 to 2025. The results showed that portable chest radiography remains the most widely used exam in ICUs, although it presents technical limitations that may compromise diagnostic accuracy. Digital radiology and teleradiology demonstrated significant advantages, including improved image quality, reduced exam repetitions, and enhanced interdisciplinary integration. CT and ultrasonography proved to be essential for the detection and follow-up of frequent complications, such as atelectasis, pneumonia, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and pulmonary thromboembolism. Regarding occupational safety, strict application of radioprotection measures was highlighted as necessary, in accordance with institutional protocols and regulatory guidelines. In conclusion, the rational and judicious use of radiology in ICUs, combined with technological advances and continuous team education, is essential to optimize clinical outcomes and ensure the safety of both patients and healthcare professionals.