MODALITIES AND OUTCOMES OF NON-INVASIVE VENTILATION IN SCENARIOS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE

Abstract

Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is characterized by the respiratory system's inability to maintain adequate oxygenation and/or ventilation, compromising gas exchange. It is associated with diseases such as ARDS, pneumonia, edema, and pulmonary embolism, and may present as hypoxemic (Type I) or hypercapnic (Type II) failure. Its etiology is multifactorial and requires rapid intervention, and Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV) is emerging as a promising therapeutic alternative. To verify the benefits of noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure in the literature. This integrative review was conducted in the SciELO, BVS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, using the descriptors: Respiratory Failure, Respiratory System, and Noninvasive Ventilation correlated through the AND operator. Full-text articles, free of charge, and published between 2020 and 2025 are included, excluding literature reviews and abstracts. Of the 1,670 studies identified, 18 were selected for final analysis. It was demonstrated that NIV reduces the need for intubation, improves blood gas parameters, and decreases in-hospital mortality, with BiPAP being more effective in hypercapnic respiratory failure and CPAP in acute pulmonary edema. The findings confirm that NIV is a safe and effective strategy for managing ARF, provided there is strict monitoring, an appropriate interface, and individualized titration.