PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW ON FREQUENCY AND RISK FACTORS

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been linked to various systemic complications, including pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). This study aimed to analyze the frequency of PTE in COVID-19 patients and the associated risk factors. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the LILACS and PubMed databases. The search terms used were “pulmonary,” “embolism,” and “COVID-19” combined with the boolean operator “and.” Articles published from 2020 to 2024 that were open access and observational in nature, focusing on adults, were included. Articles not directly addressing the topic were excluded. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 studies were selected. The studies indicated a wide range of PTE frequency, from 0.18% to 60%. Advanced age, cardiovascular comorbidities, and obesity were identified as significant risk factors. Additionally, PTE occurred in COVID-19 patients without traditional risk factors, suggesting a direct relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the predisposition to thromboembolic events. These findings emphasize the importance of early identification and the implementation of appropriate preventive strategies, such as the use of anticoagulants. In conclusion, preventive measures are essential to reduce the incidence and severity of PTE in COVID-19 patients, contributing to better clinical outcomes and reduced mortality.