MATERNAL-FETAL SAFETY IN IMAGING EXAMINATIONS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze maternal-fetal safety in imaging examinations during pregnancy, integrating recent scientific evidence to guide clinical practice. An integrative literature review was conducted in PubMed, BVS, and SciELO databases, in addition to official guidelines from radiological societies, focusing on studies published in the last five years. The analysis was organized into six main areas: risks of ionizing radiation, the use of magnetic resonance imaging, the safety of ultrasonography, the administration of contrast agents in pregnant and breastfeeding women, protocols in trauma and emergency situations, and recommendations from scientific entities. The results indicated that non-ionizing methods, such as ultrasonography and non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, are safer and should be prioritized. Examinations involving ionizing radiation and contrast agents should be limited to cases where benefits outweigh risks, always following the ALARA principle. The study also highlighted the importance of informed consent, multiprofessional training, and standardized protocols to ensure safer practices. It concludes that despite technological advances, gaps remain regarding long-term effects, emphasizing the need for further studies and public policies to enhance maternal-fetal safety in imaging examinations.