INTEGRATING PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES AND LOCAL PRACTICES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION IN SOUTHERN ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRAZIL

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. These conditions are intrinsically linked to modifiable risk factors, such as an inadequate diet and physical inactivity. The implementation of evidence-based public policies is crucial to address this scenario. The main objective of this study was to implement and evaluate healthy eating promotion strategies, aligned with the guidelines of the Brazilian Cardiological Dietary Program (DICA), through integrated public policies in Primary Health Care. The methodology was based on a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted at a Primary Health Care Unit in the municipality of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo state. The sample consisted of adult patients (≥18 years old). Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire based on the guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, which included sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables. Minors under 18 and patients who refused to participate were excluded. The results demonstrated a concerning cardiovascular risk profile in the studied population (mean age: 63 years). Although blood pressure control was adequate (128/77 mmHg), there was a high prevalence of obesity (mean BMI: 31 kg/m²) associated with multiple modifiable risk factors. These included inadequate sleep patterns (50% slept less than 7 hours) and significant sedentary behavior, configuring a multifactorial cardiovascular risk scenario that demands integrated intervention. In conclusion, the simultaneous addressing of the multiple identified risk factors – particularly obesity, physical inactivity, and sleep disorders – through integrated, multiprofessional strategies in Primary Care represents a crucial opportunity to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population. The findings highlight the urgent need for specific public policies tailored to this epidemiological profile.