AMNIOTIC BAND SYNDROME AND INTRAUTERINE TREATMENT: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Amniotic band syndrome is associated with amnion rupture, resulting in fibrous strands that may cause limb constriction, umbilical cord involvement, malformations, and fetal impairment. Its incidence ranges from 1:1,200 to 1:15,000 live births. Diagnosis can be made through two- or three-dimensional ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, or postnatal clinical findings. Clinical signs include edema, unilateral deformities, growth restriction, and fibrous tissue limiting fetal movement. Fetoscopic surgery is considered the intervention of choice in severe cases, allowing the release of constriction points and assessment of the extent of impairment. This study is a literature review conducted in the PUBMED database, including full-text articles in English, published between 2000 and 2025, using the descriptors “amniotic band syndrome”, “surgery” and “treatment”. The reviewed studies highlight fetoscopy as both a diagnostic and therapeutic approach, indicated according to clinical and ultrasound evaluation, since there is no defined protocol for the ideal timing of the procedure. Criteria include improved survival, prevention of severe or irreversible lesions, and low risk of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Despite its benefits, risks such as bleeding, chorioamniotic detachment, and preterm premature rupture of membranes are reported. In conclusion, the decision must weigh risks and benefits against expectant management or postnatal surgery, considering the degree of vascular or neural involvement in each case.