THE CONTRIBUTION OF PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION – A LITERARY REVIEW

Abstract

The article addresses an intrinsic relationship between philosophy and education, emphasizing how specific philosophies are fundamentally educational theories. Since the Greeks, particularly with Plato, education has been conceived as the transmission of values ​​and knowledge, surrounded by the dualism between the sensible world and the world of ideas. Christianity assimilated this perspective, more dynamic concepts such the original sin and the dichotomy between spirit and flesh, influencing educational moral education. With the Scientific Revolution, thinkers such as Bacon and Descartes emphasized experimentation and reason, dissociating science and religion. Kant consolidated the discussion between theoretical and practical reason, strengthening the Western philosophical tradition. In the 20th century, John Dewey defended a pragmatic and democratic education, which combines knowledge and action, but his perspective still encounters resistance in effective educational systems. The text concludes that, despite progress, education still faces dualisms (theory/practice, spirit/body), and effective democratization requires overcoming these dichotomies. In the contemporary context, it is imperative to adjust educational philosophies to social criteria, fostering an inclusive and analytical education.