UNDERSTANDING ADJUSTMENT DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the main findings on diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic strategies in adjustment disorder. Method: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, with searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, the Virtual Health Library, and the Directory of Open Access Journals. Controlled descriptors combined with Boolean operators were used. Randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2020 and 2025, in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, were included. After screening, 13 studies were selected for critical analysis. Results: The studies revealed heterogeneity in the diagnostic criteria used, with a predominance of DSM-5 and ICD-11 classifications. The most prevalent symptoms were depressed mood, anxiety, and avoidance behaviors, with significant functional impact. The psychotherapeutic approach, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptoms, with clinical response observed in up to 78% of cases. Pharmacological interventions were used as adjuvants, particularly in cases with psychiatric comorbidities. Early identification and individualized treatment proved crucial for a favorable prognosis. Discussion: This review highlights the need for greater diagnostic standardization and the development of specific protocols for the management of adjustment disorder. Integrated psychosocial strategies, training of primary care teams, and the use of digital technologies in mental health emerge as promising resources for early detection and ongoing support. Final Considerations: Adjustment disorder remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, requiring refined clinical care and personalized approaches. This review reinforces the role of CBT as a first-line treatment, as well as the importance of public policies that include structured psychosocial support, especially in socially vulnerable settings.