THE DUNNING-KRUGER EFFECT AMONG NURSING PROFESSIONALS

Abstract

This article examines the Dunning-Kruger effect among nursing professionals, a cognitive bias in which individuals with low competence tend to overestimate their abilities. In nursing practice, where clinical decisions directly impact patient safety, this bias can compromise the quality of care. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and consequences of this phenomenon in clinical settings and to identify educational and organizational strategies to mitigate it. The methodology included an integrative literature review and bibliometric analysis using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on studies from 2010 to 2024. The findings reveal that less experienced nurses tend to overestimate their skills, especially in high-pressure situations, leading to judgment errors, clinical mistakes, and reluctance to seek guidance or further education. Interestingly, some experienced nurses were found to underestimate their abilities, negatively impacting leadership and autonomy. Effective strategies to address this bias include continuous feedback, clinical simulations, mentoring programs, educational technologies, and a learning-oriented organizational culture. Leadership plays a crucial role in fostering a safe environment where professionals can recognize and address their limitations without fear of punishment. In conclusion, addressing the Dunning-Kruger effect requires a multidimensional approach focused on self-awareness, continuous education, and a culture of ongoing improvement. Investing in these elements allows healthcare institutions to enhance care quality, strengthen patient safety, and promote realistic professional development among nurses.