THE ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE AS A DIDACTIC RESOURCE IN ASTRONOMY EDUCATION IN PERITORÓ-MA

Abstract

This article presents an Astronomy teaching proposal based on the observation of the annular solar eclipse that occurred on October 14, 2023, in the city of Peritoró-MA, Brazil. The astronomical phenomenon was used as a didactic resource in the development of an interdisciplinary project with high school students. The proposal involved several methodological stages: expository classes, seminars, application of questionnaires, lectures with specialists, construction of protective glasses using number 14 welder's filter, and finally, direct observation of the eclipse using both telescope and handmade glasses. The activity integrated theory and practice, contributing to the development of scientific thinking and increasing student interest in Natural Sciences, especially Astronomy. The work also emphasized the importance of safety in observing solar phenomena and the appreciation of local scientific culture. The culmination of the project demonstrated the effectiveness of active methodologies in promoting meaningful learning, based on the theoretical assumptions of David Ausubel. As a result, increased student engagement, expanded astronomical knowledge, and strengthened the relationship between school and community were observed. It is concluded that the solar eclipse, as a rare and impactful natural phenomenon, represents an excellent opportunity for contextualized and interdisciplinary teaching, capable of arousing curiosity and fostering scientific literacy in school environments.