MALARIA: IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS AND CONTROL CHALLENGES IN ENDEMIC AREAS - LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This work is a literature review. Malaria is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, with Anopheles darlingi being the primary vector in Brazil. The parasite's life cycle involves the invasion of red blood cells, leading to infection. Malaria remains a significant public health issue, particularly in the Amazon, where most cases occur due to favorable environmental conditions. The host immune response can become excessively activated in severe stages, resulting in immunopathology. Clinically, anemia is a frequent complication caused by the destruction of infected red blood cells. Brazil has implemented public policies, such as the National Malaria Elimination Plan (PNEM), aiming to eradicate the disease by 2035. Control strategies focus on epidemiological surveillance, vector management, and improving diagnosis and treatment, with particular attention to vulnerable populations.