AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN CHILDREN: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Abstract

This article reviews the literature on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction from childhood. The aim is to explore the clinical manifestations and available treatments, with a focus on current interventions and their limitations. The methodology adopted was an integrative review, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published in the last ten years. The results indicate a wide variability in the clinical manifestations of ASD, including difficulties in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and comorbidities such as intellectual disability. Therapeutic approaches include Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and the use of medications such as risperidone and aripiprazole. The discussion highlights the need for further research on the long-term efficacy and safety of these interventions. It is concluded that the treatment of ASD should be multidisciplinary and individualized, combining behavioral, educational, and pharmacological strategies to improve the quality of life of affected individuals.