THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: ADVANCES, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a disruptive technology in the field of medicine, with the potential to revolutionize medical diagnosis. By utilizing machine learning, a technique that identifies complex patterns in large datasets, and deep learning, which employs neural networks capable of simulating human cognitive processes, AI has demonstrated superior results in diagnostic accuracy, particularly in fields like radiology, oncology, and neurology. These advances have transformed these specialties, providing physicians with a powerful tool to enhance diagnostic precision and optimize patient care. However, the full adoption of AI still faces significant challenges, such as the opacity of algorithms (the so-called "black boxes") and regulatory hurdles that need to be overcome to ensure safe and effective use in different populations. This article aims to review the most promising applications of AI in medical diagnosis, discuss the observed benefits, and analyze the main challenges that still hinder the widespread adoption of this technology. Through a narrative review of recent literature, a comprehensive overview of the current impact of AI in diagnostic medicine and its future prospects will be presented.