EFFECTIVE DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF NEONATAL JAUNDICE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition that affects a high proportion of newborns and, if not treated adequately, can lead to severe complications such as bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus. Its high prevalence, especially in low- and middle-income countries, justifies the need for studies that improve the clinical management of this condition. Objective: This article aims to conduct a literature review on the effective diagnosis and clinical management of neonatal jaundice. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, covering the period from 2009 to 2024. Inclusion criteria selected studies addressing the clinical management, diagnosis, and risk factors of neonatal jaundice. In the end, 24 studies were included for detailed analysis. Results and Discussion: Phototherapy remains the most commonly used intervention, with advances such as portable devices improving treatment accessibility. Exchange transfusion is an option in severe cases. The review also highlights the importance of parental education and the continuous training of healthcare professionals in the early diagnosis and proper management of jaundice, particularly in resource-limited countries. Conclusion: Neonatal jaundice requires effective clinical management to prevent severe complications. The implementation of new technologies and educational programs for parents and healthcare professionals is essential to improving neonatal outcomes. Investing in research and public policies that ensure access to adequate treatments can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with neonatal jaundice.