SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME: A CHALLENGING DIAGNOSIS

Abstract

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, resulting in xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Diagnosis is challenging due to clinical variability and similarity to other rheumatologic conditions. Diagnostic criteria include the presence of dry symptoms, reduced glandular function tests, salivary gland biopsy showing focal sialadenitis, and detection of specific autoantibodies, such as anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB. Overlap with other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, further complicates diagnosis. Complementary tests, such as sialography and ultrasonography of the salivary glands, may be useful. Early identification is crucial for appropriate management and prevention of systemic complications. Therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion and the judicious use of laboratory and imaging tests are essential for the correct identification and treatment of Sjögren's syndrome.