INCIDENCE OF SYPHILIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN BETWEEN 2019 AND 2023 IN BRAZIL - A CROSS-CROSS STUDYDE LOS EFECTOS SUBJETIVOS DEL PROCESO DE EJECUCIÓN DE DEUDA

Abstract

Introduction: Syphilis, an infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, represents a serious public health problem due to its potential complications if not treated early. Transmitted primarily through sexual and vertical routes, it can affect the fetus during gestation, leading to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment methods, congenital syphilis remains a global challenge, with significant incidence worldwide. Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional and retrospective approach to investigate the incidence of syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil from 2019 to 2023. Data were collected from the Department of Health Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). Variables such as notification region, year of diagnosis, education level, age group, and clinical classification were analyzed. Data analysis was conducted using graphs and descriptive descriptions. Results: During the study period, Brazil recorded a total of 324,683 cases of syphilis in pregnant women, with uneven geographical distribution. The Southeast region was the most affected, followed by the Northeast, South, North, and Midwest regions. There was a progressive increase in the number of cases over the years, with the year 2022 presenting the highest incidence. Analysis of the relationship between education level and syphilis prevalence revealed significant disparities, with higher incidence among women with lower educational levels. The age group of 20 to 39 years accounted for the majority of cases, highlighting the vulnerability of this population. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the severity of syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil and the urgent need for interventions to prevent and control the disease. The concentration of cases in certain regions and age groups underscores the importance of targeted strategies for these populations. The high prevalence of latent syphilis and the significant proportion of cases with clinically ignored classification emphasize the importance of improvements in the diagnosis and notification of the disease. These findings reinforce the urgency of effective public health policies to address this public health challenge and protect the health of pregnant women and their babies.