OPEN X LAPAROSCOPIC COLECTOMY NO BRASIL BETWEEN 2016 AND 2021: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW

Abstract

The colons are important organs in the human body and the surgery to remove all or parts is called colectomy. This procedure treats colon cancers or inflammatory diseases and requires a refined technique to perform. The growth of colon cancer cases has attracted studies on open and laparoscopic surgical approaches. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare both approaches in Brazil in the last 5 years through an observational and cross-sectional study using epidemiological data such as mortality, costs and procedures performed urgently or electively available on the DATASUS website (http://www2 .datasus.gov.br). The results showed 26,231 open surgeries and 296 laparoscopic ones. In 2016, 2,407 were open and 29 were laparoscopic. In 2017 5,416 and 64. In 2018, 5,210 and 64. In 2019, 5,359 and 70. In 2020 4,744 and 45. In 2021, 2,799 and 24, respectively. The mortality rate was 15.29% for open colectomy (3,966 deaths) and 0.34% (1 death) for videolaparoscopic. The average hospital stay was 9.3 and 8.4 days, respectively. Each admission cost R$1,830.06 per video and R$4,039.57 open. 21,108 surgeries were urgent, 21,020 open and 88 laparoscopic. Altogether there were 5,030 electives, with 4,822 laparotomies and 208 laparoscopies. Videolaparoscopic colectomy seems to have postoperative benefits, but they need an adequate infrastructure. Furthermore, the open ones are important for emergencies. However, it was not possible to accurately define which approach brings the best therapy to patients, since the number of open and video surgeries was different.