PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS IN BODYBUILDING: SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE, USE, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NUTRITIONAL PRACTICE

Abstract

Protein supplementation is widely used by individuals engaged in bodybuilding, particularly to promote muscle hypertrophy, improve post-exercise recovery, and meet daily protein requirements. However, the consumption of these products may occur without an individualized nutritional assessment and may be influenced by information disseminated through social media and recommendations lacking scientific support. This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence regarding protein supplement use among bodybuilding practitioners, considering motivations for consumption, nutritional knowledge, benefits associated with resistance training, and potential risks of inappropriate use. This is a descriptive narrative literature review with a qualitative approach. The literature analysis addressed consumption patterns, the effects of supplementation on muscle mass and strength, the influence of information sources, and safety-related aspects. The findings discussed indicate that protein supplementation may contribute to the outcomes of resistance training, particularly when it helps individuals meet their protein requirements. However, its effects depend on total protein intake, training characteristics, and individual conditions, and supplementation is not essential for all practitioners. The importance of nutritional guidance in preventing unnecessary consumption and promoting evidence-based choices is also emphasized. It is concluded that protein supplementation should be individualized and integrated into a balanced diet, taking into account each individual's nutritional needs, goals, and health conditions.