PERIODIZATION OF RESISTANCE TRAINING APPLIED TO BODYBUILDING: STRATEGIES FOR OPTIMIZING HYPERTROPHY AND MUSCULAR PERFORMANCE – A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This bibliographic review analyzes the application of resistance training periodization to bodybuilding, with emphasis on strategies aimed at optimizing muscle hypertrophy and performance. The study was developed through a narrative survey of the scientific literature in academic databases and specialized sources, with priority given to PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, SciELO and specialized literature, using descriptors related to resistance training, exercise, hypertrophy, physical performance, athletes and periodization. Experimental studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, narrative reviews and reference works contributing to the understanding of resistance-training variables were considered. Current literature indicates that periodization consists of the systematic planning and manipulation of variables such as volume, intensity, frequency, exercise selection, rest intervals, proximity to failure and load distribution over time. Contemporary evidence suggests that periodization has a more consistent relationship with maximal strength development than with hypertrophy when training volume is equated between groups. Nevertheless, in bodybuilding, its usefulness is not limited to directly producing greater hypertrophy: it can organize the training process, manage fatigue, distribute stimuli, preserve performance and adapt programming to different preparation phases. Linear, undulating and block models may be used flexibly, provided that training variables are aligned with the athlete's training status, goals and individual response. It is concluded that periodization should be understood as an organizational and decision-making tool rather than as an isolated guarantee of superior hypertrophy. For the Physical Education professional, evidence-based application requires continuous monitoring, planned progression and individualized adjustments.