EATING AND ANXIETY: INFLUENCE OF EATING PATTERNS ON MENTAL HEALTH

Abstract

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental disorders today and can significantly impair individuals' quality of life and well-being. In this context, diet has been identified as one of the factors capable of influencing mental health, since dietary patterns can affect neurochemical, inflammatory, and metabolic processes, as well as the functioning of the gut-brain axis. Objetive: This study aims to analyze the influence of dietary patterns on mental health, with an emphasis on the relationship between diet and anxiety symptoms. Methodology:  This is a bibliographic study based on scientific research addressing the relationship between dietary habits, nutrients, intestinal microbiota, and mental health. Evidence indicates that frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods rich in sugars, saturated fats, and additives may be associated with increased inflammatory processes and worsening anxiety symptoms. In contrast, balanced dietary patterns characterized by the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, fish, and other fresh or minimally processed foods may contribute positively to mental health. Nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, zinc, B-complex vitamins, and tryptophan also play important roles in nervous system functioning and emotional regulation. Furthermore, the role of the intestinal microbiota in communication between the gut and brain is highlighted. Conclusion: It is concluded that diet has a complex and bidirectional relationship with anxiety and may serve as a complementary strategy for the prevention and management of symptoms, alongside other forms of treatment and multidisciplinary care.