PEPTIC ULCER: CLINICAL MONITORING AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF INTEROCCURRENCES

Abstract

Introduction: Peptic ulcer disease is a common condition affecting the lining of the stomach and duodenum, often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This condition can lead to serious complications such as hemorrhage, perforation, and gastric obstruction. Clinical follow-up and surgical treatment of these complications are essential to prevent disease progression and ensure adequate recovery of patients. Objective: To analyze current practices in clinical follow-up and surgical approaches for the management of complications associated with peptic ulcer disease, focusing on the most effective interventions and recent updates in the management of this condition. Methodology: A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA checklist. The databases consulted were PubMed, Scielo, and Web of Science. The following descriptors were used: "peptic ulcer disease", "complications", "surgical treatment", "clinical follow-up", and "ulcer management". Articles published in the last 10 years were included and studies that were not peer-reviewed, articles outside the scope of the topic and documents not available in full text were excluded. Results: The review revealed that the clinical treatment of peptic ulcer disease often involves the use of proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori. In the event of complications, such as perforation or hemorrhage, surgical intervention has become less frequent due to advances in endoscopic techniques. Surgical strategies, when necessary, have focused on correcting complications and preventing recurrence, with minimally invasive approaches showing benefits. Conclusion: The analysis confirmed that the combination of effective medical treatment and an appropriate surgical approach for complications is crucial for the management of peptic ulcer disease. The evolution of endoscopic techniques and the improvement of treatment protocols have contributed to better clinical outcomes. The integrated management of these approaches is vital for recovery and for reducing complications associated with peptic ulcer disease.