NEUROSCIENCE OF MOTOR LEARNING AND TASK-BASED PRACTICE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

 Motor learning is an essential process for the acquisition, consolidation, and retention of motor skills, being directly associated with the neuroplasticity mechanisms of the central nervous system. This study aimed to understand the neurobiological foundations of motor learning and analyze the effectiveness of task-based practice in neurological rehabilitation. This is a systematic literature review conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Google Scholar databases, including articles published between 2020 and 2026. After applying the eligibility and selection criteria according to the PRISMA protocol, 15 studies were included, predominantly randomized clinical trials assessed by the PEDro scale. The results demonstrated that task-based interventions, associated with principles such as repetition, intensity, and specificity, promote significant improvement in motor performance and favor neuroplastic adaptations. The use of technologies, such as virtual reality, robotics, and non-invasive brain stimulation, enhanced functional gains by providing greater patient engagement and enriched therapeutic environments. Furthermore, approaches that integrate motor and cognitive components, such as dual-task training and motivational strategies, have shown positive effects on functionality, balance, gait, and independence in activities of daily living. It is concluded that task-based practice, grounded in the principles of motor learning, constitutes an effective and evidence-based approach in neurological rehabilitation, although further studies with greater methodological standardization and scientific rigor are still needed.