THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE: THE SOCIAL FIELD IN METHODOLOGICAL DEBATE

Abstract

Science is an instrument created by human beings between centuries XVI and XVIII in insatiable ambition to know themselves and the phenomena that surround them. However, after the science consolidation while the instrument system that helps Man in understanding and explanation of the realities and phenomena observed, and imaginative sense, this one already made efforts in a natural explanation and its dynamics. The presents work some debates on the construction of science in the social field, focusing on the debate between positivists and not positivists in defining the method applicable in social research. This work is the bibliographic character, using the qualitative methodological technique based on the literature review. I concluded that, after the consolidation of science in the natural field under the predominance of qualification, systematization, and universalization of general laws explaining the regularities and irregularities of phenomena, the Human and Social born in the XVIII century and consolidated in the XIX and centuries, were influenced to legitimize the Natural Sciences. However, the understanding of the differences between the natural and social fields sustained ruptures that opened the social field to epistemological pluralism according to the nature of its research objects.